Osteoarthritis and Your Heart
Having OA may increase your risk for cardiovascular disease. Here’s what you can do to protect your heart.
Although joint damage, pain, and swelling are the hallmarks of osteoarthritis (OA), joints aren’t the only part of the body this disease can affect. Research also shows that the heart may be at risk in people with degenerative joint disease.
People with OA are almost three times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) or heart failure than those without OA, studies show. The link is especially strong when arthritis is in certain joints, such as the knee and hip.
But just because you have OA doesn’t mean you can’t improve your heart health.
What’s Behind the OA-Heart Disease Link?
Inflammation
Although OA is not traditionally considered an inflammatory disease, research is beginning to show that OA does involve inflammation. And long-term inflammation contributes to CVD.
Aging
Growing older makes you more likely to develop both diseases. Aging thickens and stiffens the arteries, which can lead to high blood pressure and heart damage. Joints degenerate from years of use and repeated small injuries. Unfortunately, age isn’t reversible, but you can address the preventable risk factors below.
Too little exercise
Physical activity is crucial for a healthy heart and limber joints. Research shows that people with OA who don’t exercise are more likely to have heart disease, and to die from it. If joint pain keeps you from moving, a total joint replacement could help you regain your mobility and lower your risk of heart attack or stroke.
Obesity
Obesity can lead to both OA and CVD. Carrying excess body weight puts stress on both the joints and heart, which can cause damage over time. Fat cells also produce inflammatory chemicals that are harmful to joints, the heart, and blood vessels.
Metabolic syndrome
This collection of conditions, which includes high blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess fat around the middle, and abnormal cholesterol, increases the risk for CVD. Metabolic syndrome and OA often go hand in hand. About 60% of people with OA have this cluster of problems, compared to 23% of people in the general population. Evidence suggests that metabolic syndrome may cause or worsen joint damage.
Pain reliever use
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn) relieve OA pain, but they also may increase heart risks, especially if you take large doses of them for long periods of time. Some studies have suggested that long-term use of these pain relievers might triple the risk of CVD.
What You Can Do to Protect Your Heart?
Stick to a healthy weight
Ask your doctor what your ideal weight should be based on your height. If the number on the scale is too high, lower it with diet and exercise
Stay active
Do arthritis-friendly aerobic exercises like swimming or riding a stationary bike to burn calories without hurting your joints.
Manage your numbers
See your doctor for regular checks of your blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. If they’re out of range, bring them back to normal with diet, exercise, and medicine if necessary.
Limit pain reliever use
Take the smallest possible NSAID dose, for the shortest period of time needed to manage your pain. Try non-drug pain-relieving options such as ice, heat, and massage.
Replace worn joints
If your pain isn’t under good control and you’re not exercising as a result, ask your doctor if it’s time for joint replacement surgery. Weigh the benefits of having a procedure against the risks before making your decision.
Sources
Berenbaum F. Metabolic regulation of inflammation in osteoarthritis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5341385/
Corsi M. Contributions of symptomatic osteoarthritis and physical function to incident cardiovascular disease. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6230250/
Courties A. Metabolic syndrome-associated osteoarthritis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28072592
Fernandes GS. Cardiovascular disease and osteoarthritis: common pathways and patient outcomes. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/eci.12413
Golia E. Inflammation and cardiovascular disease: from pathogenesis to therapeutic target. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25037581
Hall AJ. Association between osteoarthritis and cardiovascular disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26464295
Roubille C. Osteoarthritis and cardiovascular diseases: is meta-inflammation the missing link? http://www.ghrnet.org/index.php/jct/article/view/1203/1318
Veronese N. Association of osteoarthritis with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly: Findings from the Progetto Veneto Anziano study cohort. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26714002
Wang,H. Osteoarthritis and the risk of cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis of observational studies. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5177921/
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