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Summary Points/Introduction

IL-1 and TNF-a

TNF-a Blockade in the Treatment of RA

IL-1 Inhibition in the Treatment of RA

Treatments Under Development

Conclusions

References

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12th Edition Primer
 
Primer on the
Rheumatic Diseases,
12th edition
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Volume 51, Number 7

Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis

William P. Arend, MD
Division of Rheumatology
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Denver, CO


References

1. Arend WP. Mediators of inflammation, tissue destruction, and repair. B. Growth factors and cytokines. In Primer on the Rheumatic Diseases, 12th ed. Atlanta: Arthritis Foundation, 2001. pp 58-66.

2. Lotz MH. Cytokines and their receptors. In Arthritis and Allied Conditions, 14th ed. Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins, Philadelphia: 2001. pp 436-77.

3. Feldmann M, Brenan FM, Maini RN. Role of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis. Annu Rev Immunol 1996;14:397-440.

4. Choy EHS, Panayi GS. Cytokine pathways and joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.  2001;344:907-16.

5. Vassali P. The pathophysiology of tumor necrosis factors. Annu Rev Immunol 1992;10:411-52.

6. Dinarello CA. Biologic basis for interleukin-1 in disease. Blood 1996;87:2095-147.

7. Arend WP. The innate immune system in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2001:44:2224-34.

8. Arend WP, Malyak M, Guthridge CJ, et al. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist: role in biology. Annu Rev Immunol 1998;16:27-55.

9. Arend WP, Dayer JM. Inhibition of the production and effects of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor a in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1995;38:151-60.

10. Moreland LW, Baumgartner SW, Schiff MH, et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with a recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor (p75)-Fc fusion protein. New Engl J Med 1997;337:141-7.

11. Moreland LW, Schiff MH, Baumgartner SW, et al. Etanercept therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:478-86.

12. Weinblatt ME, Kremer JM, Bankhurst AD, et al. A trial of etanercept, a recombinant tumor necrosis factor receptor:Fc fusion protein, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate. New Engl J Med 1999;340:253-9.

13. Bathon JM, Martin RW, Fleischmann RM. A comparison of etanercept and methotrexate in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1586-93.

14. Lovell DJ, Giannini EH, Reiff A. Etanercept in children with polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 2000;342:763-9.

15. Feldmann M, Elliott MJ, Woody JN, et al. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-a therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Adv Immunol 1997;64:283-350.

16. Elliott MJ, Maini RN, Feldmann M, et al. Randomised double-blind comparison of chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor a (cA2) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1994;344:1105-10.

17. Elliott MJ, Maini RN, Feldmann M, et al. Repeated therapy with monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor a (cA2) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1994;344:1125-7.

18. Maini RN, Breedveld FC, Kalden JR, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of multiple intravenous infusions of anti-tumor necrosis factor a monoclonal antibody combined with low-dose weekly methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1998;41:1552-63.

19. Maini R, St. Clair EW, Breedveld F, et al. Infliximab (chimeric anti-tumour necrosis factor a monoclonal antibody) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving concomitant methotrexate: a randomized phase III trial. Lancet 1999;354:1932-9.

20. Lipsky PE, van der Heijde D, St. Clair EW, et al. Infliximab and methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. New Engl J Med 2000;343:1594-602.

21. Charles PJ, Smeenk RJT, De Jong J, et al. Assessment of antibodies to double-stranded DNA induced in rheumatoid arthritis patients following treatment with infliximab, a monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor a. Findings in open-label and randomized placebo-controlled trials. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:2383-90.

22. Keane J, Gershon S, Wise RP, et al. Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor a-neutralizing agent. New Engl J Med 2001;345:1098-104.

23. Mohan N, Edwards ET, Cupps TR, et al. Demyelination occurring during anti-tumor necrosis factor a therapy for inflammatory arthritides. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44:2862-9.

24. Campion GV, Lebsack ME, Lookabaugh J, et al. Dose-range and dose-frequency study of recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:1092-101.

25. Bresnihan B, Alvaro-Gracia JM, Cobby M, et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Arthritis Rheum 1998;41:2196-204.

26. Jiang Y, Genant HK, Watt I, et al. A multicenter, double-blind, dose-ranging, randomized placebo-controlled study of recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Radiologic progression and correlation of Genant and Larsen scores. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:1001-9.

27. Cohen S, Hurd E, Cush J, et al. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with anakinra, a recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, in combination with methotrexate. Results of a twenty-four-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:614-24.

 

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